The farm-level experiment compares multi-species grassland with standard ryegrass–clover swards to assess their impact on soil compaction. In addition, gypsum will be applied to the multi-species sward at 100 kg/ac on a one-acre strip, while another multi-species strip without gypsum will serve as a control.

Herb-rich grasslands are believed to provide several benefits, including improved cow health and potentially higher milk yields with better protein content. Their diverse rooting depths may enhance plant water uptake and improve water infiltration in the soil. Leguminous species such as clover can also fix atmospheric nitrogen. Overall, these systems may benefit livestock, biodiversity, climate, and the wider environment. Diversifying grassland aims to improve forage resilience and quality while reducing reliance on inputs such as fertilizers and supporting soil and animal health under changing climate and market conditions.

Low calcium levels or high sodium in the clay–humus complex can cause soil structural problems, particularly in clay soils or areas with saline seepage. This can reduce soil aggregation and increase clods during harvest. Applying gypsum may improve calcium availability, replace sodium, and enhance soil structure and harvestability.